Forensics: How a criminal defense expert got some bad news from a judge – “Not qualified”

Image result for amateur scientist

Nothing but warning signals come out in this news article about a self-styled yet prior qualified (in other cases) DNA expert running into some trouble. The record states he admitted having no direct experience in using actual DNA profiling lab equipment. I’m sure he’s been around this bend before. Also, this is not an unusual objection used to disqualify a courtroom expert. Every judge has his/her own threshold for admitting experts as the Rules are rather thin. In Mississippi its real easy to be a poly-math expert who is “self-taught” in certain police “sciences.” Just look at Michael West, the state’s star bitemark/blood spatter/ballistics/knife wound/gay and lesbian expert go to guy.

The report says the expert admitted a few failures in his past.

“Richard Eikelenboom was rejected as a DNA expert by Denver District Court Judge Brian Whitney after a Denver prosecutor got Eikelenboom to admit that he had no direct DNA extraction or analysis experience, that he operates a lab that has not been accredited, that he personally failed his basic proficiency tests in 2011 and 2012, and admitted that he was ‘self-trained’ in running DNA profiles,” the news release states.

From the Denver Post

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Infamous bite-mark “expert” Michael West complains about not being paid at a deposition and calls Innocence Project director a “sociopath”

The unfortunately speakable Dr. Michael West takes the stage. His protector, Attorney General Jim Hood and the MS Supremes still need him to bolster this death penalty vs forensic science reform case of Eddie Lee Howard. The MS Innocence project is also fighting West’s “truth” with exculpatory (not according to Hood) post conviction DNA.

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Forensic Science reform gets a knee jerk backlash from the District Attorneys – #PCAST

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National District Attorneys Association slams President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology report

Note that the NDAA (national DA association) president is none other than San Bernardino’s pro death penalty DA Michael Ramos (@michaelramos). I’m not surprised at this inarticulate, unreferenced and roiling objection to the White House forensic science “predecisional” report just informally released to the Internet. Ramos is also running for California Attorney General for 2018. He’s getting a head start for sure.

Check out Ramos doing his thing (I’m sure a staffer wrote the whole news release). My comments are in italics; “quotes is the NDAA:

Boilerplate #1. Old rhetoric from 2009 NAS Forensic Science backlash. He’s claiming a special “knowledge exception” to any oversight. See #3 below for a revisit on this “logic.”

“It is unfortunate that members of PCAST, none of whom are forensic practitioners who have been trained or tested for competence in the forensic disciplines, ignored vast bodies of research, validation studies, and scientific literature authored by true subject matter experts,” said NDAA President Mike Ramos.

Boilerplate #2 This wouldn’t pass a junior high school English Comp mid-term for exposition. No substance to his conclusions. D-. 

“However, the opinions expressed by PCAST in their report clearly and obviously disregard large bodies of scientific evidence to the contrary and rely, at times, on unreliable and discredited research.”

Boilerplate #3 (this is simple-minded). The NDAA is lecturing on judge “gatekeepers” being the final arbiter about “what is science.” Typical legalese rebut by a bunch of lawyers. Certainly shows how the history of forensic science is (by some) excused from normal scientific methods expected by other public health and public safety institutions  (FDA, DEA (sometimes), NIH,  etc). 

“Critically, because of our system of justice, in each instance that such evidence is used, the process of presenting and cross examining the forensic evidence is overseen by objectively neutral judges whose role is to fairly supervise the introduction of evidence into trials and to act as “gatekeepers” to determine the reliability and admissibility of forensic evidence on a case-by-case basis.”

Full news release

 

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Death knell for bitemark analysis expected from White House review – Forensics – #PCAST

trouble with teeth copy

An unofficial and possibly “leaked” unpublished draft from the White House Science and Technology Council (#PCAST) has arrived via the Internet. It is a new and comprehensive forensics review by a PCAST Working Group and tells a tale about the ABFO’s bitemark bunch.  Their conclusions are clearly expressed. The draft has yet to be approved by the entire Council. Their rationale is based on:

“Few empirical studies have been undertaken to study the ability of examiners to accurately identify the source of a bitemark. Of these, several employ inappropriate designs that are likely to overestimate accuracy. The observe false positive rates were so high that the method is clearly scientifically unreliable at present.”

Finding 4:

PCAST Finding- copy

They also make short shrift of ABFO representatives who testified before the Council during various hearings. Notable in the quick denier back-lash to PCAST is that they locked out forensic practitioners from participating. Pure bunk.

The Path Forward

PCAST Path copy

The take-away is “keep these dentists out of the courtroom.” This is strikingly similar to the NAS 2009 “Strengthening the Forensic Sciences: A Path Forward” equally critical findings on this AAFS recognized group of forensic dentists.

Now, maybe the FSAB certifiers of the ABFO will apply their minds to eradicate this decades long travesty of forensic non”science” being used to convict the innocent. I also suggest that reparations are in order as well.

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Look into why #Prop66 is a load of prosecutorial crap – False confessions by kids after interrogations

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San Bernardino District Attorney @MichaelRamos stumps for California Prop 66.

“One analysis of 44 proven false-confession cases revealed that more than a third of the interrogations lasted six to 12 hours, many lasted between 12 and 24 hours, and the average length was more than 16 hours.”

“It happens especially in cases when the suspect is young and vulnerable. An analysis of 125 proven false confes­sions found that 33% of the suspects were juveniles at the time of arrest, and at least 43% were either mentally disabled or ill. Another study of 340 exonerations found that 13% of adults falsely confessed compared to 42% of juveniles.”

“Innocent? Don’t talk to the police.”

Read full story from the LA Times.

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What’s on the Net – The WhiteHouse Science Council on forensics – bites, firearms, shoes, tires, DNA

President Obama meets with PCAST

The usual complaints about the WH “non-forensic” reviewers (from the likes of The Fraternal Order of Police)  are reminiscent of responses to the 2009 National Academy of Science report on “Strengthening Forensic Science.” Yesterday’s announcement from the White House Science Council ” (AKA PCAST) urged  federal prosecutors not to admit into courts these heavily used and police developed (except for DNA) matching methods.

One more group very involved in the prosecutorial use of these methods is the US Department of Justice. There will be a battle-royal going on soon at  PCAST. The DOJ is the big hitter in the US’s prosecution and its aligned National Institute of Justice forensic training groups and forensic funding.

One telling motivator for the WH is wrongful convictions.

“It has become apparent, over the past decade, that faulty forensic feature comparison has led to numerous miscarriages of justice,” according to the draft report  dated September 2016. “It has also been revealed that the problems are not due simply to poor performance by a few practitioners, but rather to the fact that the reliability of many forensic feature-comparison methods has never been meaningfully evaluated.”

Here’s a look at  the WH group thinkers who reviewed various forensic tasks. PCAST will, “in a few weeks,” report in order to  dramatically advance forensic improvements.

“PCAST consists of 20 of the nation’s leading scientists and engineers, appointed by the President to provide direct advice to him and the White House on important matters of science and technology. PCAST has recently begun to explore how best to ensure the quality of forensic science, based on reliable scientific principles and methods, within the criminal justice system. PCAST members are interested in hearing from the broad stakeholder community on each of the questions listed below in an effort to better understand the landscape of this topic.”

Here’s some web links and comments on what’s going on.

White House panel expected to issue report critical of some forensic evidence in criminal cases. LA Times.

Group sees lack of science behind much of bite-mark, hair, footwear, firearm and footwear analysis.  Wall St. Journal. 

And here is a discussion thread from some significant forensic and legal people on the PCAST announcement.

  1. Tire treads!!! But what about My Cousin Vinnie?  (Great movie.)Seriously, I think this will be a big deal, especially the multiple source DNA and maybe the firearm tool mark (though I don’t know enough to know how often that is used, or even quite exactly what it means.)
  2. DNA mixtures are the norm.  I can guarantee that this will create an enormous effect because, if enacted, will disallow most DNA evidence.  While I am overall happy that this difficult area will receive more scrutiny, there is a danger that some fairly simple mixtures (e.g. vaginal swabs with victim + suspect) may be caught in the trap..
  3. If this is actually happening, it is huge.  And long overdue.  And Allan, I doubt they’ll include simple mixtures — my guess is that it will be about multi-person mixtures where the template is such that it’s essentially low copy.
  4. That’s a difficult line to draw.
  5. The whole thing is sort of weird.  Even the terminology is weird (first time I ever saw the term “expended bullet casings.”   And of course, it is much too global and not sufficiently task specific.  I can accept this in regard to bite mark, but I can give you plenty of examples of very persuasive and well-warranted assignment of expended shell casings to particular weapons, especially those that have gone through semi-automatic pistols and have the whole collection of marks generated by that process (firing pin, extractor, ejector, etc).  This would throw out such assignment of source even when a particular firing pin was so worn or misshapen that the likelihood of another source, while not mathematically characterizable, was vitually nil.  And we must remember that such information can be exculpatory as well as inculpatory. While circumspection is called for, and more research needed, firearms examiners have done pretty well in black box tests, I believe.  And they have categorically distinguished, apparently, between shell casings and bullet striations (which were not covered), which seems unwarranted to me.
  6. If complex DNA mixes not allowed but software loved by DAs, what then? See Allegheny County: DAs send out samples for own analysis. Better?
  7. I think many forensics have deep science basis, just not been explicated. Not allowed by cops; no funding; no remorse: What did you expect?
  8. Listening to the PCAST meeting. IMHO, forensics did it to themselves but couldn’t help it because police ran things. We weren’t real science.
  9. And why recommend more research $ to FBI: Aren’t they the source of most forensic failures? Bullet lead, hairs, mixtures, 0% error…
  10. Hooray for Science!
    Hooray for an administration that believes in science!
  11. [We have] written a lot about the lack of science in firearm/toolmark practice.  See the attached as examples [omitted].  In Israel shoeprint examiners cannot claim they are a scientist but rather they are practitioners.  Plumbers and hair stylists are also practitioners and if they are successful they typically know their trade.  They are all very useful to society.  So if tool mark examiners say that they are working on making their field a science, there is no problem.  They should work with relevant mainstream sciences:  physics, metallurgy, statistics, and human factor experts for example. If they take such a path then in 20 years or so the successor to pcast may say they are a science.  In the interim, it can be suggested to them that they take the Israeli route and call themselves forensic practitioners and not forensic or any other kind of a scientist.

 

 

 

 

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Good grief – Belgium forensic evidence lab blown up – Cops say “criminals not terrorists”

Arson in Brussels

Belgium’s national forensics lab was set on fire early Monday, causing an explosion in the wing of the building where the evidence labs are located.

Read full story from the Belgian news media. 

Read full story from The Atlantic

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BIte Mark Matchers now under scrutiny by the Forensic Specialties Accreditation Board

Bite marks doubted
THE FIELD: BITE-MARK COMPARISON Forensic dentist Richard Souviron, during a police workshop, urges caution over bite-mark comparisons: “You’ve got to be real careful with this kind of evidence.” Tribune photos by Alex Garcia.
Tribune photo by Alex Garcia

 

Yes, that is the latest scientific report from the bite mark matchers: …..“You’ve got to be real careful with this kind of evidence.” The teeth belong to serial killer Ted Bundy.

This dental saga continues beyond the expose’ style news and peer reviewed reports (at least 2 decades worth) of their disastrous effects on the lives of innocent men and women wrongful convicted. Go to this classic article,  “Guilty, said Bite expert, Bogus says DNA” by Pulitzer Prize winner Maurice Possley and Steve Mills’ in their 2008 Chicago Tribune series, “Forensics Under the Microscope.”

Recently, more of their past has emerged to new perspectives.

The bite markers’ “attack” on their detractors has been copiously documented and most recently seen in Mississippi from bite mark self-described innovator Michael West’s testimonial Trump-like disparagement of folks. On the record: “He’s a hypocrite. I have his emails,” said West in a MS court. West considers others to be “forensic science provocateurs” denying his glory days as a poly-math forensic marvel. All of us, at one time or another, acting as opposing experts or attorneys in many death penalty cases, have been active in debunking his legacy as the Copernicus of Forensic Science. Go to “Expert witness goes nuts…..”

Here is the latest. The remaining membership of the AAFS approved American Board of Forensic Odontology now have a new hurdle to overcome.

The Forensic Specialties Accreditation Board (FSAB) is coming onto the ABFO radar this October, 2016. The bite markers public personae as “Board Certified Diplomates” under the AAFS umbrella lies 100% on the FSAB’s renewal (every 5 years) of their status.

“The ABFO definitely got a pass  in 2012” (its last certification review) says Dr. David Averill, an ABFO source who contributed to FSAB for over ten years.

An unofficial AAFS source says “the FSAB Executive Committee is handling the bitemark issue next month” (October).

But, since the ABFO passed before, what really are the scientific expectations of this “certifier of the certifiers?” Questions abound.

Is it just another show? I would opine that it is unfortunately possible. From the record of the AAFS,  (over 7000+ members), a cordoned  small bunch of entrenched old-timers have an odd sense of twisted logic in  their “vetting ability” and “protecting the scientific method” history. Alot of it is passive aggressive inaction and in other respects,  is very partisan self-interest. I’ve got statements, transcripts and legal documentation to support it.

Back to our core story.

FSAB was spun-off from the AAFS 18 years ago and claims to be now an  “independent” entity. This is a bit rich, as its committee and membership structure is generously populated by AAFS members and ex-AAFS officers. Not to be ignored is that the next FSAB president was the trumpet-like advocate of bitemark matching and “comparing” methods during the recent series of hearings held by the Texas Forensic Science Commission. The TxFSC convened a top-to-bottom review of the bitemarkers via a legislation-allowed ( from an “anti-junk science bill passed in 2012) complaint filed by the NY Innocence Project on behalf of inmate Steven Chaney’s exoneration litigation. The Commission took the ABFO apart which was reminiscent of the National Academy of Science 2009 take-down of the same group. Texas ran the bell loud and clear in determining the dentists’ courtroom remarks and expectations of reliability again did not pass their scientific method “stress test.” A moratorium was placed as a lid on the dentists in question.

Let’s take a look at the FSAB mission statement as a predicate to their credibility. In part it says:

“This program was established to advance the reliability and validity of forensic evidence in the administration of justice through the accreditation of qualified organizations that credential and certify individual forensic specialists.” Here is their PowerPoint (2012) slide show of their dedication to scientific excellence. 

Those are powerful words.

Will the lid stay in place anywhere else than in Texas? It may be up to the FSAB to tighten down the clamps at the national level. The ongoing and prolonged proceedings of the National Forensic Science Commission do not have the capability to do this.

Here is a decision statement  that the FSAB should consider issuing:

Odonts should suspend operations unless and until it can be determined through plentiful, sound empirical studies what they are capable of doing with a high degree of reliability (and validity) versus what they cannot. And then they can return to business to offer services that are strictly kept within the limits of what has been determined to be reliable and valid. (And, because there is a high risk of individuals venturing outside of those boundaries (aka cheating), there should be frequent, transparent, random review of cases by a committee committed to keeping a firm leash on odonts.) 

Lets hope that history will say that the practice of “being real careful” as a bitemark matcher was de-certified from the forensic pantheon in 2016.

 

 

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Great look at the start of forensic pathology, anthropology and dentistry in the US – 1849

Human remains found in the murder of Dr. George Parkman. Pamphlet exclusive to the N.Y. Daily Globe (1850). (Public domain image via the NIH National Library of Medicine.)

Grisly stories about murder and dismemberment  is not just a recent occurrence. This is an incredibly well-documented case of identification of human remains that reflects what SHOULD be practiced in the US and elsewhere. I’m in the middle of a trunk full of contemporary cases where this was not practiced. From Forbes.

The story starts just before Thanksgiving in 1849, when Dr. George Parkman went missing.  Parkman was from a wealthy Boston family, an old-timey Doogie Howser who entered Harvard at age 15. He went to medical school in Scotland, returning after the War of 1812. Parkman donated some land in Boston to Harvard Medical College so that the school could relocate from Cambridge. He was also well-known for lending money from his considerable fortune and for walking around town to collect on those debts.

Read the full article

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Jay Koehler on Proficiency Testing

Here is the elephant in the board rooms of forensic science. Error rates etc. it’s 23 years since the Daubert “trilogy.” This article names all the players.

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