Forensics : DNA inconsistencies slowly are rising into public view

Well well. Here’s a real time example of what’s going on in courts about the battle about what’s “standard” DNA report writing. as usual, the opposing attorneys take diametrically opposed positions on some very important DNA evidence.

A multiple murder case with varying degrees of pros vs defense battling about “who matches what” regarding multiple “hits. There’s a bit about Brady violation occurring about whether an “uninterpretable” [“unable to explain”] Florida crime lab result was hidden. The labber says “not” in court her court testimony. Something said about “science” rather than the rules of the legal system being controlling regarding discovery compliance. Very weird statement. Ive never heard that explanation used before.

Here’s a short quote.

“FDLE’s Tallahassee-based Chief of Forensic Services Karen Martin testified today. She denied hiding the DNA results and testified they were ruled “uninterpretable” [ not able to be explained ] because they did not meet FDLE’s minimum standards for comparison.

Martin said the decision not to turn over the FBI’s findings to TPD and the state was a decision based on science, not investigative aspects.

“The state contends the convicted drug trafficker named as a potential match by the FBI wasn’t even in the country at the time of the murders. The defense disputes that too.”

http://www.wctv.tv/home/headlines/DNA-Dispute-Could-it-Postpone-Quadruple-Murder-Trial-307719801.html

csidds's avatarFORENSICS and LAW in FOCUS @ CSIDDS | News and Trends

It’s not only pattern analysis that can be fallible – how about DNA? Its mostly about DNA mixtures, stat protocols and inconsistency of multiple analysts. via @ForensicOdont

Read more.

A commercial lab’s technical paper has more on this. “Mixture interpretation. Why is it sometimes so hard?

And the politicians use it to promote their own agendas. The latest on the Washington DC now-police managed crime lab. Head DC prosecutor signs long-term contract with girl-friend’s DNA company. 

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Forensics : DNA inconsistencies slowly are rising into public view

It’s not only pattern analysis that can be fallible – how about DNA? Its mostly about DNA mixtures, stat protocols and inconsistency of multiple analysts. via @ForensicOdont

Read more.

A commercial lab’s technical paper has more on this. “Mixture interpretation. Why is it sometimes so hard?

And the politicians use it to promote their own agendas. The latest on the Washington DC now-police managed crime lab. Head DC prosecutor signs long-term contract with girl-friend’s DNA company. 

 

 

Posted in criminal justice, criminal justice reform, CSI, DNA mixtures, DNA profiling, Forensic Science, Forensic Science Bias | 1 Comment

An exoneration lawyer plays by the book and gets handed an ethics complaint in NC

[Comment: Full disclosure by a notable and successful exoneration lawyer lands her in a mumbo-jumbo worded ethics complaint with her state Bar.

Questions to consider while reading the media article from Raleigh, NC: What’s the penalty for possessing a water bottle of another, and then testing it for DNA of the unsuspecting person who has just refused to voluntarily submit to giving a DNA sample? An invasion of privacy? Was there a “duty” to return it? Destroy it?

Police do this type of “evidence collection” all the time without a warrant. Intentionally.

The rules of legal ethics are nonspecific. So we and the NC State Bar have to improvise in a vacuum. Does she have an escape clause against censure based on her representing a client? It seems to me that her actions described below indicate that she offered up the information of these events in a timely matter to be honest and intentionally pursue a review by the legal system. On the basis of the scope of the Bar’s inquiry, what is its history on previous cases of possible lawyer misconduct? Such as…………..

I wonder how many prosecutors have been disbarred in NC for prosecutorial misconduct? Prosecutors generally say they were acting as vigorous advocates for justice and the victims of crime. That works almost every time for them in avoiding serious censure. Plus they never admit anything beforehand, unlike Christine Mumma ]

— A lawyer known for clearing men wrongly accused of murder said Tuesday that she didn’t violate professional ethics when working on a case, insisting that her actions were done solely in her client’s interest.

The North Carolina State Bar last month filed a complaint against Christine Mumma, the executive director of the North Carolina Center on Actual Innocence, alleging that she unethically obtained a DNA sample while investigating the case of Joseph Sledge.

Sledge, 70, spent nearly 40 years behind bars for the 1976 stabbing deaths of Josephine Davis, 74, and Ailene Davis, 53, in their Elizabethtown home. He was cleared of the killings in January after newly discovered evidence cast doubt on his involvement.

The State Bar’s complaint alleges that, in October 2013, Mumma visited the home of a woman whose brothers were considered possible suspects in the killings to obtain a DNA sample. Mumma believed the sample would strengthen Sledge’s claims of innocence, the complaint said.

The woman declined to provide a sample, but Mumma left the home with a half-empty water bottle that she knew may not have belonged to her, according to the complaint. After the family decided not to provide a DNA sample, Mumma had the water bottle tested, the complaint said.

In her answer to the complaint, Mumma said she didn’t know the water bottle wasn’t hers until she returned to her car after speaking to the woman and found she had left her water bottle there.

“When she realized, at the car, that the bottle was not hers, she began to think about the implications of having evidence that could support her client’s claim of actual innocence, and she believed she had a duty to her client to consider the options,” Mumma stated in her answer.

State authorities hadn’t collected any DNA from other possible suspects in the case and were pressing for a hearing that could end Sledge’s bid to have his conviction overturned. Mumma contends in her answer that, even though the family refused to provide a DNA sample, she hoped that testing the water bottle could lead to a court order for a sample or could exclude the brothers as suspects, which she said would be important to the investigation.

The North Carolina Innocence Inquiry Commission obtained a court order for a DNA sample a year later, after Mumma’s test already eliminated the brothers as suspects in the case.

Mumma also argues in the answer that she informed both the Innocence Commission and the local district attorney about her possession of the water bottle and having it tested – a move that ultimately resulted in the State Bar complaint against her.

“(Mumma’s) voluntary and open disclosure led to these charges and belies any claim that (she) acted either in secrecy or with an attempt to deceive,” the answer states.

The response contends that Mumma’s actions were necessary to clear the name of an innocent man and maintain public confidence in the justice system.

“Without Ms. Mumma’s zealous representation, Joseph Sledge would still be in prison,” it states. “These charges seek to publicly sanction her over a minor part of her decade-long effort to achieve justice and restore confidence in the criminal justice system in Mr. Sledge’s case.”

The State Bar had scheduled an Aug. 7 hearing before its disciplinary board, but that has been canceled.

A new date for the hearing hasn’t been set.
Read more

Back story on this case from the news post.

 

 

 

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DC DNA lab suspension ALL political

Now look at this.

Details arise leading to more questions with some answers about a political coup at the now “police/DA managed” DC crime lab.
US Prosecutor Now Sending DNA Testing In DC To Lab Run By His Girlfriend; Def attys discovery requests now delayed or ignored.

http://dailycaller.com/2015/06/14/us-prosecutor-now-sending-criminal-dna-testing-in-dc-to-lab-run-by-his-girlfriend/ … via @dailycallerk

Here is an April 25 letter from the DFS SAB committee asking the DC mayor to chill out awhile. They explain the unsettled issue about DNA mixture stats. She clearly ignored this group of 10 biologists and other ancillary specialties and the next day went with the District Attorney’s takeover plan instead.

http://dfs.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/dfs/page_content/attachments/SAB%20letter%20to%20Mayor%2004%2025%202015.pdf

csidds's avatarFORENSICS and LAW in FOCUS @ CSIDDS | News and Trends

Having already blogged on DC lab director Max Houck getting axed by a combination of a DA and the mayor, this open statement by Jay Seigel confirms the battle royale happening between this independent crime lab and local power brokers.

http://dailycaller.com/2015/05/27/dc-adviser-resigns-claiming-massive-foul-play-in-dna-lab-management-firings/

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The inane responses of dentists who describe themselves as “skin-reading” experts

This is a 2011 blog post from  David Averill’s http://www.bitemarks.org. In the realm of forensic dentistry, somethings just never change, in fact things from bitemark adherents just get more confusing and stridently defensive. As of 2015, we are still hearing the same promises from the experts of “skin patterns made by teeth” published in the June issue of the Journal of California Dental Association.”

daverill1's avatarForensic Odontology - Bitemark Evidence

This is a guest post by Dr. Michael Bowers

The non-scientific dental discipline known as bitemark analysis has only a few dogmatists left, who deny its well-known status as a forensic train wreck and cling to decades old assumptions that judicial admission of their baseless opinions is a substitute for validation and reliability proofs. The downward slide of forensic dentists who tout themselves as “readers” of skin injuries caused by human teeth has been occurring for the last ten years through criticism from legal academics (Saks 1999, Gianelli 2009, Beecher-Monas 2009, Deitch, 2010; and a small cadre of sagacious forensic dentists; Rothwell 1999; Sweet, Pretty 2001, Pretty 2010; Clements 2010. This slip from glory has also been assisted by a string (N>12) of DNA fueled exonerations overturning erroneous convictions originally helped by the opinions of highly credentialed members of the American Board of Forensic Odontology. Finally, within the last four…

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Internal personnel discipline in a state’s # Forensics crime lab is revealed with some names included.

A view into how a state’s DOJ crime lab disciplines itself. It seems appropriate considering the facts given in this article.

 

 

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The Shifted Paradigm: Forensic Sciences’s Overdue Evolution from Magic to Law

A detailed and extensive look at why the US courts’ POV on the evolution of science must be reconstructed back to realities of scientific principles, not ‘res judicata” (i.e old cases). This attached legal treatise, THE SHIFTED PARADIGM: FORENSIC SCIENCE’S OVERDUE EVOLUTION FROM MAGIC TO LAW, is by Chris Fabricant & Tucker Carrington.

THE SHIFTED PARADIGM: FORENSIC SCIENCE’S OVERDUE EVOLUTION FROM MAGIC TO LAW, Chris Fabricant & Tucker Carrington

Here is a quote from the co-authors contained in the summary section of their work.

“The long-predicted and now manifest paradigm shift in forensic identification evidence is rooted in a systemic, century long failure by nearly all criminal justice stakeholders to comprehend, question, challenge and exclude as unreliable the false and misleading assertions made by forensic experts and exploited by advocates to persuade lay jurors.”

This “systemic” judicial problem was the topic of the last @csidds blog. “The US courts are not prepared for this: The conundrum of outdated forensic science and recanting experts in courts.” 

Mark Godsey's avatarWrongful Convictions Blog

Chris Fabricant and Tucker Carrington have posted the above-titled article on SSRN.  Download here.  The abstract states:

A decade ago a controversial article in Science Magazine predicted a coming “paradigm shift” that would push forensic sciences toward fundamental change as the result of “[l]egal and scientific forces . . . converging to drive an emerging skepticism about the claims of the traditional forensic individualization sciences.” This article argues that the predicted paradigm shift has occurred. We support our thesis through a deconstruction of the jurisprudence of two of the forensic disciplines implicated in numerous wrongful convictions – forensic odontology (bite mark analysis) and forensic hair microscopy – and an examination of a confluence of unprecedented events currently altering the landscape of forensic sciences. The empirical evidence and data gathered here demonstrates that traditional forensic identification techniques, as well as the doctrines supporting them, are ultimately no more than…

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Courts are unprepared for this: The Conundrum of Outdated #Forensic Science and Recanting Experts

From the Marshall Project 5.28.15

In the spring of 2013, the Texas Legislature passed a law that was hailed as the first of its kind in the country. The law expressly allows the state’s Court of Criminal Appeals to grant a new trial in cases where the underlying forensic science is flawed. Throughout the U.S., scandals at crime labs and the discrediting of forensic methods from arson  to hair matching to dog-scents  have led to legal battles over whether the defendants in such cases could have their convictions overturned. With the 2013 law, Texas lawmakers said they could.

Lawyers dubbed an appeal of this sort a “Junk Science Writ.” “In the other 49 states without a Junk Science Writ, freeing an innocent person wrongfully convicted by faulty forensics remains an obstacle,” Mark Godsey, director of the Ohio Innocence Project, wrote.  This past January, a similar law was passed in California. [in response to a bitemark case also described here. Wm Richards PPT-Bjerkhoel-AAFS]

Full Marshall Project article. 

 

 

 

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Excellent Canadian article on problematic forensics

This is a great piece which echoes others involved in forensic science reform. One statement rings true regarding juries/judges having to interpret exaggerating and conflicting experts.

m.thestar.com/#/article/news/crime/2015/06/12/why-its-so-hard-to-keep-bad-forensics-out-of-the-courtroom.html?referrer=http%3A%2F%2Ft.co%2FGmxX8xrGfu

Posted in Bad Forensic Science, Bite Marks, Bitemarks, costs of wrongful convictions, Crime, criminal justice, criminal justice reform, CSI, DNA profiling, exoneration, Exoneration costs, expert testimony, Forensic Science, Forensic Science Bias, forensic science misconduct, forensic science reform, forensic testimony, junk forensic science, National FOrensic Science Commission, police crime labs, Ray Krone bitemark case, US Crime labs, wrongful convictions | Leave a comment

US forensic group’s new research explodes its own credibility. They then stumble into the denial and blame game. Again.

The Watch

Radley Balko April 8, 2015

A bite mark matching advocacy group just conducted a study that discredits bite mark evidence

In February, I posted a four-part series on the forensic speciality of bite mark analysis. The series looked at the history of the field, how it came to be accepted by the courts as scientific evidence despite the lack of any real scientific research to support its basic assumptions, the innocent people who have been convicted based on bite mark analysis and how the bite mark matchers, advocacy groups like the American Board of Forensic Odontology and their supporters have waged aggressive, sometimes highly personal campaigns to undermine the credibility of people who have raised concerns about all of this.

The series ran during the annual American Academy of Forensic Sciences convention in Orlando, Florida. That conference included a presentation by Adam Freeman, who sits on the executive board of the ABFO, and Iain Pretty, who is not a member of the ABFO, has been critical of bite mark analysis and chairs the AAFS committee on forensic odontology.* Freeman and Pretty were to present the results of a study they had designed with David Senn, another ABFO member and a proponent of bite mark analysis.**

Senn in fact was the main witness for New York County Assistant District Attorney Melissa Mourges during a 2013 evidentiary hearing on the scientific validity of bite mark analysis in State v. Dean. That hearing was the first to assess the science behind bite mark matching since the field came under fire in a landmark 2009 report by the National Academy of Sciences. Ultimately, Senn and Mourges prevailed. Judge Maxwell Wiley ruled that the evidence could be admitted at Clarence Dean’s trial. In fact, to date, every court to rule on the admissibility of bite mark analysis has allowed it to be used as evidence. This, despite an ever increasing number of wrongful convictions, wrongful arrests, and lack of scientific research to support the field, and a new body of research suggesting that its core assumptions are false.

The Study

All of this makes the presentation by Pretty and Freeman particularly interesting. In response to mounting criticism, last year the ABFO released a “decision tree” for bite mark specialists to follow when performing their analysis. The “tree” is basically a flow chart. It begins by asking if there is sufficient evidence to know whether or not a suspicious mark is a human bite. It then asks whether it is in fact a bite, then what distinguish characteristics are noticeable in the bite, and so on. But the problem with bite mark analysis was never the lack of a flow chart. The problem is that there has never been any real scientific research to support its two main underlying premises — that human dentition is unique, and that human skin is capable of registering and recording that uniqueness in a useful way. And the research that has been done strongly suggests those two premises are not true. The flow chart was just adding a series of procedures to a method of analysis that is entirely subjective, and that lacks basic scientific quantifiers like probability and margin for error.

Yet the ABFO wanted to show that its flow chart worked. So last year, the organization put together an exam to prove its effectiveness. Pretty and Freeman, with consultation from Senn and others within the organization, gave 39 ABFO-certified bite mark analysts photos of 100 bite marks, then asked them to answer three preliminary questions, all based on the decision tree chart. The average analyst who participated in the study had 20 years experience as a forensic odontologist. Here are the three questions they were asked:

1) Is there sufficient evidence in the presented materials to render an opinion on whether the patterned injury is a human bite mark?

2) Is it a human bite mark, not a human bite mark, or suggestive of a human bite mark?

3) Does the bite mark have distinct, identifiable arches and individual tooth marks?

That last question is asking if, once the analyst has determine that the mark is a human bite, the mark contains enough distinguishing features to be of value as evidence.

Read more for the test results and the later ‘damage control’  by these a few US forensic dentists. A bitemark group discredits itself in public

Posted in AAFS, ABFO, Bite Marks, CSI, expert testimony, Forensic Science, Forensic Science Bias | Tagged , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment